History

Hand-to-hand combat originated in ancient times, when people sought to protect themselves and their settlements by creating ways of fighting without using weapons. It developed in different cultures of the world independently of each other, forming as an art of self-defense and a martial craft. Ancient warriors in Egypt, India, Greece and China studied hand-to-hand techniques to protect the warrior and enhance their military skills. In Ancient Greece, such types of wrestling as pankration, an ancient sport combining elements of boxing and wrestling, which was popular even at the Olympic Games, were especially developed. In the East, hand-to-hand combat was especially developed. Martial arts systems originated in India, which then spread to China, giving rise to kung fu. In Japan, such disciplines as judo, aikido, karate and judo were formed, which today have become the basis for various schools of martial arts and hand-to-hand combat throughout the world. Europe also had its own traditions of hand-to-hand combat. For example, French savate and English boxing developed as sports and military disciplines, and in the Middle Ages, hand-to-hand combat was an integral part of knightly training. Over time, many of these techniques became popular as sports. In the 20th century, armies in different countries began to develop specialized hand-to-hand combat systems to train soldiers, which led to the creation of modern combat techniques. For example, the Soviet Union developed the sambo system, which combined techniques from judo, jiu-jitsu, and various national types of wrestling. These techniques were adapted for combat needs and included not only defense, but also methods of effective attack. Today, hand-to-hand combat is used for both sports and military purposes. Sports competitions in hand-to-hand combat include various striking and wrestling techniques, and also remain popular in training for law enforcement agencies and security services. Many schools and clubs teach hand-to-hand combat as a self-defense technique, attracting people of different ages to classes. In addition to physical training, hand-to-hand combat contributes to the development of spirit, discipline and respect for the opponent, forming a strong character and the ability to concentrate. Modern hand-to-hand combat federations hold international competitions and seminars, promoting the popularization of this martial art and making it accessible to people around the world. Hand-to-hand combat continues to develop, contributing to physical education and training of specialists, playing an important role in the sports and defense systems of various countries.